Mixing device



F. PoKoRNY MIXING DEVICE Filed Jan.

March 3, 1934.1'.

4 /l/ l II//I/f/l/ l lll/lllllll/ INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 3,1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK POKORNY, OF MAMARONECK, NEW YORK,ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 FRANCIS W. KEEGAN, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

MIXING DEVICE Application led January 16, 1925. Serial No. 2,770.

v This invention relates to internal combus tion engines, and my presentimprovements pertain to stationary means situated in the passage whichcommunicates from the throttle to the intake manifold, adapted to sodirect the iow of fuel mixture through said passage that the stream offuel mixture will first be divided, then caused to impinge on passagesurfaces tending to break up the fuel particles, besides setting up aturbulent condition in the mixture, and then the divided stream isreunited by convergence and consequent impa-ction, under whose influencethe fuel particles become further comminuted. l

My vinvention is based on the principle that at low engine speeds, whenthe velocity of the flowing fuel mixture is insufficient to bring aboutatomization of the fuel, the fuel mixture passage is to be heated as bythe application of heat from the exhaust, (see my pending application,Serial No. 742,763, filed October l0, 1924) and when the velocity of theflowing mixture increases upon opening up the throttle, then the heatingmeans is cut 0E and the larger volume of the fuel mixture stream,flowing at a higher velocity, is

caused by impaction of the fuel particles,.the stream being firstdivided and then brought together, to break up said particles into finerdivisions, thus providing efficient atomization without the loss inweight of the fuel mixture charge that occurs with vaporization by heat.

With this premise my invention consists of certain control means for theflowing fuel mixture, located in the passage communicating from thecarburetor, and the throttle, to the intake manifold, these controlmeans being adapted to assure a constant, proportionate pull upon thefuel nozzle, at the varying engine speeds and according to the volumeand flow velocity of the aspirated air, without permitting an excesssupply of fuel to be drawn from the nozzle at full open throttle.

In accomplishing this object I depend more upon the pull force exertedby the vacuum in the manifold to extract the fuel from the nozzle, and Imake the Venturi tube which surrounds the nozzle of generous area sothat no strangling eEect is provided at that point to too greatly enrichthe mixture as the air flow velocity increases through said Venturitube. Instead another Venturi tube is provided in the fuel mixturepassage, above the carburetor nozzle and its Venturi tube, and above thethrottle valve, this other Ven turi tube communicating with my improvedfuel mixture control means. The control means are provided in and by anenlargement of the fuel mixture passage, and include a central conewhich has the effect of divid ing the stream so that it diverges frombelow and then converges above, to reunite. Also the central cone has anaxial orifice through which a limited quantity of the flowing streampasses. This orifice has Venturi contour, so that mixture passingtherethrough diverges upon exit and intersects the reentrant orconverging stream flowing outside the cone.

The enlargement of the fuel mixture passage forming part of my improvedcontrol means, is jacketed and heated with gases from the exhaust, andthe cone referred to is hollow and adapted to receive part of theseexhaust gases, so that the main flowing stream of fuel mixture may haveheat applied thereto both inside and outside, and the stream pass ingthrough the axial orifice in the cone may have heat applied directlythereto.

Further, I provide a Venturi tube above the point where the dividedstream parts are caused to meet, and anterior to said last named Venturitube the passage enlargement is shaped like an annular shoulder, toretard direct upward flow of the fuel mixture and set up therein aturbulent effect, thereby accentuating the degree of atomization whichresults as the divided parts of the stream reunite. Y

Other features and advantages of my invention will hereinafter appear.

In the drawing Figure l is a side sectional view showing my improvedcontrol device located in the passage between the carburetor and intakemanifold of an internal combustion engine.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the control device, and

- F ig. 3 is a. partial detail view of a modifica" tion.

In said drawings let 1 indicate a carbure- Y tor, having fuel nozzle 2,Venturijtube 3, here shown as of larger than usual diameter, a throttlevalve 4, and the flange 5 by which a carburetor-isusually connected toYan intake manifold. InV this instance however, :the flange 5 is shownas attached to the lower, open endof a hollowl casing or jacket 6, whichcontains, in spaced relation, a cylindrical.

lshell 7, that is in effect an enlargement ofthe fuelfmiitureA passagebetween the carburetor pipek 8 and intake manifold pipe 9;

'The jacket 6 is attached by its uppei` flange 5a to the manifold flange10.

The shell 7 is reduced in diameter toward its upper end, thereby formingAan ani'iular shoulder 11, which is surmounted Vby a continuing Venturitube 12, that leads directly into. the manifold pipe 9.

' itted vvithinthe` shell 7 at its lower portion is laVenturi tube 13,here shown as having a base flangeill, seated upon a ring 15, lyingbetween 4said flange 14 vand the carburetor flange 5. .Also an annularskirt 16 depends from the upper perimeter of the Venturi tube 13,1in:spaced relation. both with `the wall of said Y*Venturi tube andwith theshell 7 there# byl providing the respective clearances 17and 18;theA`'lower .endof skirt .1'6 being flared outwardlyyat 1:9, to lit.against the shell'7,.in spacedrelationto flange lll.

Located centrally within the shell 7 ,fin intermediate, spacedrelationfto the f-.Venturi tubes 12 and13,1is a circular deflector 20,provided Awith a central orifice 21 of'Venturi con'- tour.IExternallythe deflectoris -a double cone, in appearance being` somewhatpearshaped, except that itsV lower surface'rportion 22` is concaved,andl its upper? sur-face portion 23 is conveXed.- l Y ',lhefdeflectoris'here shown-as supported by'means of'arms 2slwhich connectitl withthe-inner surface of Venturi tube 13.

The space-between shell 7 and-the 'central devicel20 provides ythemainpassageway Aforv have a relatively slower flow rate. Therefore,

when theV throttle is only partly Yopen the flow vis low, as atildling.speeds, or with the throttle valve only partly open, then heat is to beapplied to the flowing fuel mixture to vapor` ize the fuel. For vthispurpose exhaust gases enter jacket 6v by lway of a pipe 25, leadingfromexhaust manifold 26, topass through the .space -27. between. the jacket 6 and .shell 7 and having their exit through a` pipe`28into theexhaust pipe 29.V .By automatic control ineanssuch as .aredescribedininy col-pending ,application No. 742,763, previously referredto, the: applicationl of exhaust heatzis cutoff when the throttle valveis openedmore widely, because then the fuel is to begasied as vafdynamicfunction of-directionalmeans causing the fuelL particles to becomesmashed byimpaction. Y

VThe deflector or cone 20 .is'hollow, being providedwith the interiorspaceI 30, vand its iipportin g arms 24 are also hollow, to providemeans of communication'between vspace '30 and the space 17 Since-thespace 17.is also in communication with--space'27 by means of openings 31.through shell 7, it follows that some of thefexhaust gases are enabledto pass through the cone or. deflector, thereby heating itssurfaceswhich are exposedy to the flowing mixture both through the Venturi tube21 and the.A main passage-way 32.

With the increase in flowing volume of the fuelmiXt-ure due to a, widelyopen throttle icc andits higher-velocity as the engine speed rises, theflow throughenturi tube -21 reaching its maximum, volume,` the largervolume which is divided by and passes around central V*device20 acquiresdynamic energy whichiis utilized for. atomization purposes.

' The divided stream strikes against the concaved surface22, tending tobreak upfthe fuel particles; itis thence vdeflected to'the'surraceofshell l ,f turbulence `:and further comminution, resulting through theangle of Vdeflection .taken bythe mixture-and its intersection withoutwardly ascending portions of the stream. l

g'l1 he Vpath of the flow takes the divide-d stream `around ,theconveXed surface23, to- Ward` the entrance of Venturi tube 12. ln thecourse of this travel these effects are achieved g the `outward portionof the stream strikesagainst an overhang 11 or upper constrictedportion. of. theshell 7, just `anteriorto the entrance ofVenturi tube12,said overhang having an upward curve :that .merges into. said' Venturi.tube, .andsaid overhang andVenturi tube entrance, besides forming aninipaction abutment, for further comminution of the fuel particles, alsocausing a rolling action to be given the stream which sets up aturbulent condition the-rein, and then the divided portions of thestream reunite under dynamic impaction and intersect the central portionof the stream issuing from Venturi tube 21, also with impaction force.,all tending to a thorough atomization of the fuel and perfect minglingof the air and fuel.

lVhen the lthrottle is widely open and depression in the manifoldincreases to a. point where the volumetric capacity of the fuel mixturepassage is satisfied, then the` volume of the stream portion outsidedeiiector 20 will exceed the volume through Venturi tube 21, because ofthe larger area of the space 32 between deflector 2O and shell 7, andthen the atomizing effects by impaction of fuel particles, previouslyreferred to, will be most efficiently achieved.

In the modification of Fig. 3 the fiow retardation effect from thepassage-way 32 into Venturi tube 12, is enhanced by increasing theheight of shell 7 relatively to the entrance to said Venturi tube,thereby creating an annular pocket 33 into which the ascending heavierparticles of fuel will become lodged, especially when the flow velocityis low, until vaporized under the influence of the applied heat.

lt should also be noted that at low motor speeds, as when idling, thearms 2l which support cone 20, have the effect of causing fuel mixturewhich flows outside the cone, carrying its heavier fuel particlesagainst the exit mouth of Venturi tube 13, to take a gyratory path inpassage-way 32, between the flare or base 19 and the top 11 thereof,whereby fuel particles are caught against the surface of shell 7 As theshell 7 is hot some of this fuel becomes vaporized and passes into theupwardly flowing stream, but heavier par ticles of fuel in the gyratingmixture cling tothe surface of shell 7 and in their upward travel becomearrested by the overhang at l1.

lVhen the -liow velocity is very low the heavier fuel particlesascending against the surface of Venturi tube 13 to its exit edge willgravitate into the trough 34 formed between skirt 16 and shell 7.Constant dispersion of this collected fuel occurs while the engine speedis low, because heat is applied at that time, causing the fuel thereinto vaporize and mingle with the pocketed air, which carries it into thestream. lnclined studs 35 extended between the flange 19 and the Venturitube 13 are pierced with very small orifices 36 that communicate fromthe trough 34 to the interior of said Venturi tube, to serve as drainsVfor carrying od any liquid fuel which may remain in said trough whenthe motor is stopped.

Variations within the spirit and scope of my invention are equallycomprehended by the foregoing disclosure.

I claim: i 1. A mixin device adapted to be connected between a carureter and manifold, comprising a shell, a vdeiector for dividing theflow of shell having a hollow interior, and means of communicationbetween said hollow interior and the acketed area occupied by the hotexhaust gases.

2. A mixing device adapted to be connected between a carbureter andmanifold, comprising alcasing, a shell arranged within said casing andspaced therefrom to define a passage for the flow of hot exhaust gases,a deflector for dividing the flow of the fuel mixture and disposedcentrally of said shell to define a passageway, a Venturi tubepositioned below said deflector and forming the entrance to saidpassageway and an annular skirt surrounding said Venturi tube, saidskirt coacting with said passageway to provide a trough exteriorly ofsaid Venturi tube to collect fuel gravitating therein after passing upsaid Venturi tube and said skirt also providing a space surrounding saidVenturi tube in communication with the passage containing the flowinghot exhaust gases.

3. A'mixing device adapted to be connected between a carbureter andmanifold, comprising a casing, a shell arranged within said casing andspaced therefrom to define a passage for the flow of hot exhaust gases,a deflector for dividing the flow of fuel mixture and disposed centrallyof said shell to define a passageway, a Venturi tube positioned belowsaid deiiector and forming the entrance to said passageway and anannular skirt surrounding said Venturi tube, said skirt co-acting withsaid passageway to provide a trough exteriorly of said Venturi tube tocollect fuel gravitating therein after passing up said tube and saidskirt also providing a space surrounding said tube in communication withthe passage containing the flowing hot exhaust gases and said troughhaving orifices for draining the collected fuel to said Venturi tube.

4. A mixing device adapted to be connected between a carbureter and amanifold, said device comprising a shell and a deiiector arranged inconcentric relation within said shell, said deflector having an axialVenturilike orifice for the passage of the central column of the flowingmixture, and said deflector serving to define a passage-way with saidshell, said deflector also having an intermediate enlarged portionpositioned within the f wams@ shellfsadkenlargedgpontiompresentingatitsunder side an annular :oonoaVecLimpact-surface to the ascending fuelmixturaaanolwsaid venlarged'lzloittionz coea-otingY with; 'theashell toforlrlasuc'oess'onsof :angular impact surfaces 5 to aidlinbreak-ngaapthezfuelgpartioles. Y

v o5. Auixingefioeadaptedto be. c'onneczteol between 1a t-"oa'rbureter4and a 'manifold, -zsai-d 'device.'compisngixaY :shell ea'nd 1a'cleectornfor olivfdingfthevowv ofufnel mXtuna-fsad dem fleetonanrangedimspaced'relationvithinsad shell'zto denei avpassageWay,'ialieeifewIt/iftli,the 11mae1=,portion:ofzsaidfshell:,presenting an iannularooverhang; surface' in fthe? path ,of the'asoending 'fuel :mixtureandzza iVenturi tube-floeated xaboves saidflelieotorl to: Convey the fuel mixture to the manifold, said annularover lullig;v au'r-aceihaving agconive-X', formation thatmergeszintoosaidMenturi tube. :EXeeut-ecl'this :14th day of JanuaryalfFRANK POKQRN'YI. n

